一篇全是代码的数据可视化案例

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| 字数统计 1,333 字 | 阅读时长 7 分钟

实在没时间写文字步骤了，算了，就甩一篇代码给大家吧，这篇代码包含五张图，分别可以呈现放射状线路图、迁徙路径图、闭环路径图、菱形气泡图、方形气泡图。

加载包：

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library("plyr")
library("dplyr")
library("ggplot2")
library("ggmap")
library("maptools")
library("maps")
library("REmap")
library("Cairo")
library("baidumap")
library(showtext)

中国地图

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china_map<-readShapePoly("c:/rstudy/bou2_4p.shp")
x1 <- china_map@data          
xs1 <- data.frame(x1,id=seq(0:924)-1)  
china_map1 <- fortify(china_map) 
china_map_data <- join(china_map1, xs1, type = "full") 
mydata1 <- read.csv("c:/rstudy/geshengzhibiao.csv")
china_data <- join(china_map_data, mydata1, type="full")

数据准备：

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city_list<-c("西安","西宁","郑州","重庆","成都","石家庄","兰州","济南","大同","咸阳","包头")
#address<-get_geo_position(city_list)
address<-getCoordinate(city_list, formatted = T)
address<-data.frame(address,city=row.names(address),stringsAsFactors = FALSE)
del<-getCoordinate("长沙", formatted = T)
del<-as.character(del)
lonx<-as.numeric(rep(del[1],11))
laty<-as.numeric(rep(del[2],11))
address<-data.frame(address,lonx,laty)
address$lonx<-as.numeric(address$lonx)
address$laty<-as.numeric(address$laty)
names(address)[1:2]<-c("lon","lat")
address$Num<-round(runif(11,50,100),2)

放射路径气泡图：

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font.add("myfont", "msyhl.ttc")
CairoPNG(file="C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/航线图1.png",width=1000,height=670)
showtext.begin()
ggplot()+
geom_polygon(data=china_data,aes(x=long,y=lat,group=group),fill="white",size=0.2,colour="#D9D9D9")+
geom_segment(data=address,aes(x=lon,y=lat,xend=lonx,yend=laty),size=0.3,colour="#FF6833")+
geom_point(data=address,aes(x=lon,y=lat,size=Num),shape=21,fill="#ED7D31",col="#E02939",alpha=.6)+
geom_point(data=NULL,aes(x=112.97935,y=28.21347),shape=21,size=8,fill=NA,col="steelblue")+
guides(fill=FALSE)+
coord_map("polyconic")+
scale_size_area(max_size=8)+ 
     theme(
          plot.background=element_rect(fill="#D0DEDE", color=NA),
          panel.spacing = unit(0,"lines"), 
          plot.margin=unit(rep(0.2,4),"cm"),
          panel.grid = element_blank(),
          panel.background = element_blank(),
          axis.text = element_blank(),
          axis.ticks = element_blank(),
          axis.title = element_blank(),
          #legend.position=c(0.8,0.3),
          legend.position="none"
          )
showtext.end()  
dev.off()

迁徙路径气泡图

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city_list<-c("海口","广州","长沙","武汉","郑州","石家庄","北京","沈阳","长春","哈尔滨")
addA<-getCoordinate(city_list, formatted = T)
addA<-data.frame(addA,city=row.names(addA),stringsAsFactors = FALSE)
data1<-addA[-1,]
names(data1)[1:2]<-c("lonx","latx")
data2<-addA[-length(row.names(addA)),]
names(data2)[1:2]<-c("lony","laty")
addB<-cbind(data2,data1)[,-3]
addA$Num<-round(runif(10,50,100),2)
names(addA)[1:2]<-c("lon","lat")
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font.add("myfont", "msyhl.ttc")
CairoPNG(file="C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/航线图2.png",width=1000,height=670)
showtext.begin()
ggplot()+
geom_polygon(data=china_data,aes(x=long,y=lat,group=group),fill="white",size=0.2,colour="#D9D9D9")+
geom_segment(data=addB,aes(x=lonx,y=latx,xend=lony,yend=laty),size=0.3,colour="#FF6833")+
geom_point(data=addA,aes(x=lon,y=lat,size=Num),shape=21,fill="#ED7D31",col="#E02939",alpha=.6)+
guides(fill=FALSE)+
coord_map("polyconic")+
scale_size_area(max_size=8)+ 
     theme(
          plot.background=element_rect(fill="#D0DEDE", color=NA),
          panel.spacing = unit(0,"lines"), 
          plot.margin=unit(rep(0.2,4),"cm"),
          panel.grid = element_blank(),
          panel.background = element_blank(),
          axis.text = element_blank(),
          axis.ticks = element_blank(),
          axis.title = element_blank(),
          #legend.position=c(0.8,0.3),
          legend.position="none"
          )
showtext.end()  
dev.off()

闭环路径气泡图

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city_list3<-c("兰州","成都","重庆","贵阳","昆明","南宁","海口","广州","福州","上海","青岛","石家庄","呼和浩特","银川")
addC<-getCoordinate(city_list3, formatted = T)
addC<-data.frame(addC,city=row.names(addC),stringsAsFactors = FALSE)
names(addC)[1:2]<-c("lon","lat")
datac1<-addC[2:14,]
datac2<-addC[1,]
addCC<-rbind(datac1,datac2)
adddata<-cbind(addC,addCC)
names(adddata)<-c("lonx","latx","city","lony","laty","city")
adddata<-adddata[,-3]
addC$Num<-round(runif(14,50,100),2)
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CairoPNG(file="C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/航线图3.png",width=1000,height=670)
showtext.begin()
ggplot()+
geom_polygon(data=china_data,aes(x=long,y=lat,group=group),fill="white",size=0.2,colour="#D9D9D9")+
geom_segment(data=adddata,aes(x=lonx,y=latx,xend=lony,yend=laty),size=0.3,colour="#FF6833")+
geom_point(data=addC,aes(x=lon,y=lat,size=Num),shape=21,fill="#ED7D31",col="#E02939",alpha=.6)+
guides(fill=FALSE)+
coord_map("polyconic")+
scale_size_area(max_size=8)+ 
     theme(
          plot.background=element_rect(fill="#D0DEDE", color=NA),
          panel.spacing = unit(0,"lines"), 
          plot.margin=unit(rep(0.2,4),"cm"),
          panel.grid = element_blank(),
          panel.background = element_blank(),
          axis.text = element_blank(),
          axis.ticks = element_blank(),
          axis.title = element_blank(),
          #legend.position=c(0.8,0.3),
          legend.position="none"
          )
showtext.end()  
dev.off()

方形气泡图

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CairoPNG(file="C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/航线图4.png",width=1000,height=670)
showtext.begin()
ggplot()+
geom_polygon(data=china_data,aes(x=long,y=lat,group=group),fill="white",size=0.2,colour="#D9D9D9")+
geom_point(data=address,aes(x=lon,y=lat,size=Num,fill=Num),shape=22,col="#E02939",alpha=.6)+
guides(fill=FALSE)+
scale_fill_gradient2(low="#8E0F2E", mid="#BFBEBE", high="#0E4E75", midpoint=median(na.omit(address$Num)))+
coord_map("polyconic")+
scale_size_area(max_size=8)+ 
     theme(
          plot.background=element_rect(fill="#D0DEDE", color=NA),
          panel.spacing = unit(0,"lines"), 
          plot.margin=unit(rep(0.2,4),"cm"),
          panel.grid = element_blank(),
          panel.background = element_blank(),
          axis.text = element_blank(),
          axis.ticks = element_blank(),
          axis.title = element_blank(),
          #legend.position=c(0.8,0.3),
          legend.position="none"
          )
showtext.end()  
dev.off()

菱形气泡图

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CairoPNG(file="C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/航线图5.png",width=1000,height=670)
showtext.begin()
ggplot()+
geom_polygon(data=china_data,aes(x=long,y=lat,group=group),fill="white",size=0.2,colour="#D9D9D9")+
geom_point(data=address,aes(x=lon,y=lat,size=Num,fill=Num),shape=23,col="#E02939",alpha=.6)+
guides(fill=FALSE)+
scale_fill_gradient2(low="#8E0F2E", mid="#BFBEBE", high="#0E4E75", midpoint=median(na.omit(address$Num)))+
coord_map("polyconic")+
scale_size_area(max_size=8)+ 
     theme(
          plot.background=element_rect(fill="#D0DEDE", color=NA),
          panel.spacing = unit(0,"lines"), 
          plot.margin=unit(rep(0.2,4),"cm"),
          panel.grid = element_blank(),
          panel.background = element_blank(),
          axis.text = element_blank(),
          axis.ticks = element_blank(),
          axis.title = element_blank(),
          #legend.position=c(0.8,0.3),
          legend.position="none"
          )
showtext.end()  
dev.off()

以上所有图表的指标数据均为随机数虚构，图表的图形代码使用showtext和Cario进行高清渲染并自动输出，除了需加载的地图素材之外，其他代码均可一次性放在控制台流畅运行。

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个人简介：
杜雨
财经专业研究僧；
伪数据可视化达人；
文科背景的编程小白；
喜欢研究商务图表与地理信息数据可视化，爱倒腾PowerBI、SAP DashBoard、Tableau、R ggplot2、Think-cell chart等诸如此类的数据可视化软件，创建并运营微信公众号“数据小魔方”。
Mail:578708965@qq.com

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